Genetics Refresher
Lists & Loops Refresher
List Methods
Dictionaries
Checkpoint
Build Your Own Protein
Summary
Genetics Refresher
As a refresher, we learned the following in lesson 7:
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Genes are made up of DNA and provide the information for our cells to carry out important biological processes that ultimately lead to phenotype
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The DNA provides instructions for building proteins, which are made up of essential building blocks called amino acids.
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Almost all proteins are made up of combinations and permutations of the same 20 amino acids.


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DNA is composed of 4 different molecules called nucleotides or bases: adenosine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. We abbreviate these as A, T, C, and G, respectively.
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This triplet genetic code is actually conferred in the biology of using DNA to make proteins through an intermediate, RNA; RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is composed of three of the same nucleotides as DNA: adenosine, cytosine, and guanine, and with uracil replacing thymine. DNA is copied into RNA in a process called transcription.
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RNA is then used as a template to make a protein in a process called translation. The transcription of DNA into RNA, which can then be translated into proteins is called The Central Dogma of biology.